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Secondary sourceDocument1993

Public Law 103-150 (Apology Resolution)

United States Congress · 1993

A 1993 US congressional resolution apologizing to Native Hawaiians for the 1893 overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani's government.

This later US apology formally recognizes the wrongful overthrow of Liliuokalani's government in 1893.

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About this source

What it is

This is a joint resolution passed by the United States Congress in 1993, marking the 100th anniversary of the January 17, 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. It reviews the history of the Hawaiian monarchy and US relations with it, and offers an apology to Native Hawaiians.

Why it matters

Though written a century after Liliuokalani's reign ended, this resolution officially acknowledges the wrongdoing of the United States in removing her government. It reflects how later generations reassessed the overthrow and its consequences for Native Hawaiian people.

Look closer

  • Why do you think it took one hundred years for this apology to be made?
  • What historical facts does Congress include to explain the legitimacy of the Hawaiian Kingdom?
  • What is the difference between an apology and returning something that was taken?

This document is part of the curated material that grounds the AI version of Queen Liliʻuokalani on Humy.ai — when students ask about related events, the AI can quote it and cite it.

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