The "Strong" Government 1869–1877, The "Weak" Government 1877–1881

What it is

This is a color lithograph cartoon by James Albert Wales, published in the satirical magazine Puck in 1880. It is held by the Library of Congress.

It contrasts two periods: 1869–1877, shown as a 'strong government' using bayonets and soldiers to control the South, and 1877–1881 under Hayes, shown as weaker and less forceful.

Why it matters

The cartoon is a contemporary opinion about Hayes's Southern policy, which ended federal military enforcement of Reconstruction in the South. It reflects how people at the time judged—and criticized or praised—his choice to withdraw troops.

Cartoons like this shaped public opinion and show how divisive Reconstruction policy was.

Look closer

• What symbols does the cartoonist use to represent 'strong' versus 'weak' government?
• Who is the cartoon trying to persuade, and what point of view does it take?
• What does the cartoon leave out about the people most affected by these policies?