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Secondary sourceBooklate 1st century AD

Gospel of Matthew

Matthew the Apostle · late 1st century AD

The first New Testament gospel, presenting Jesus as the Jewish Messiah and recording his birth, teaching and resurrection.

This gospel presents Jesus as the Jewish Messiah and records his teachings, birth and resurrection.

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Photograph of a small fragment of ancient papyrus with brown fibrous texture and irregular torn edges, bearing several lines of dark Greek uncial script. A metric ruler labeled inches is at the left edge against a plain white background.
Papyrus 104, a fragment of the Gospel of Matthew (21:34-37).

About this source

What it is

The Gospel of Matthew tells the story of Jesus from his birth through his ministry, crucifixion and resurrection. It was written anonymously, probably in the last quarter of the first century, though early tradition attributed it to the apostle Matthew, a companion of Jesus. It draws heavily on the Gospel of Mark and other material.

Why it matters

Matthew presents Jesus as fulfilling Jewish scripture and emphasizes his role as Son of David and Son of God. It preserves well-known material such as the Sermon on the Mount and the nativity story of the Magi, and reflects tensions between early Jewish Christians and other Jewish groups. It shows how early Christians connected Jesus to Jewish tradition.

  • Why might the author want to connect Jesus so closely to Jewish prophecy?
  • What clues suggest this text was written some decades after Jesus's lifetime?
  • How does a fragment of papyrus like this one help scholars date the text?

This book is part of the curated material that grounds the AI version of Jesus Christ on Humy.ai — when students ask about related events, the AI can quote it and cite it.

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Scanned page of a printed book in Arabic-script text with a decorative title ornament reading Injil Marqus, and a section heading below. The text is in columns of right-to-left lines with verse numbers 1 to 7 along the right margin, enclosed in a double-ruled frame on yellowed paper.Book

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Gospel of Mark

Mark the Evangelist · c. AD 66-75

Black and white woodcut print of a bearded man with long hair and a robe, shown in an oval frame with a Latin inscription and ornate decorative corners. The Latin text includes Psalm 44 wording about grace and beauty.Artifact

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Jesus Christ, woodcut by Christoffel van Sichem III

Christoffel van Sichem III · c. 1645

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Secondary source

Jesus Christ blessing the Host

Carlo Dolci (painting); Anth. Cardon (engraving) · 4 June 1811

Sepia engraving of two bearded figures on a tan background. On the left, a hairy, partly nude man with a staff and animal-skin garment stands barefoot. On the right, a robed bearded man gestures with one hand. Below is a caption reading Antonio Pollaiuolo, born at Florence 1428, was disciple of Andrea del Castagno.Painting

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Photograph of a fragmentary papyrus leaf with closely written brown Greek text in many lines, on a dark blue background. The edges are torn and ragged, with several separate sections joined across the image.Book

Secondary source

Gospel of Luke

Luke the Evangelist · c. AD 85

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