The Philosophy of Composition

What it is

Written by Edgar Allan Poe, this essay first appeared in Graham's Magazine in April 1846. In it Poe describes a method for writing, using his poem 'The Raven' as an example of how length, structure and a planned emotional effect should guide composition.

Why it matters

The essay set out Poe's theories of literary craft: that works should be short, built methodically rather than written in a burst of inspiration, and aimed at a single 'unity of effect'. He argued that the death of a beautiful woman was the most poetic subject possible, a theme that recurs through his own writing. Critics have long debated whether Poe truly wrote 'The Raven' this way or whether the essay was partly a joke or exaggeration.

Look closer

• Why might a writer want readers to believe their work was built by calculation rather than inspiration?
• What does Poe's chosen subject say about his view of beauty and sadness?
• Do you think an author's own account of how they wrote something should always be trusted?