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Primary sourceArtifactdesigned 1334

Giotto's Campanile

Giotto di Bondone · designed 1334

A bell tower in Florence designed by Giotto after he was made master builder of the cathedral in 1334.

Giotto designed this bell tower after being named master builder of Florence Cathedral, showing his work as an architect.

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Tall, narrow, multi-storey tower of white, green and pink marble with pointed Gothic windows and carved decorative panels, seen from a city square with many people walking below under a blue sky.
Giotto's Campanile, designed by Giotto, begun 1334. Piazza del Duomo, Florence.

About this source

What it is

Giotto's Campanile is a tall, free-standing bell tower next to Florence Cathedral on the Piazza del Duomo. After the death of the first master builder Arnolfo di Cambio, Giotto was named his successor in 1334 and designed the tower, decorated with marble panels and sculptural reliefs. He had only finished the lowest floor when he died in 1337; later architects, including Andrea Pisano and Francesco Talenti, completed it following his design.

Why it matters

The campanile shows Giotto not only as a painter but as a respected architect, trusted by the city of Florence with one of its most important public buildings. Its design, blending colour, pattern and sculpture, places Giotto among the founders of Italian Renaissance architecture.

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Exterior front of a brick chapel with a pointed gable, white decorative arcading under the roof edge, a tall Gothic-style window above a small arched doorway with striped brick arch, behind an iron railing with trees on both sides and a lamppost at right.Artifact

Primary source

Scrovegni Chapel

Giotto di Bondone · c. 1305

Giotto's fresco Lamentation: mourners gather around the body of a pale, dead man laid across a rocky ledge under a blue sky. Grieving figures kneel and embrace him, and haloed angels with outstretched wings fill the sky above. A leafless tree stands at right.Painting

Primary source

Lamentation

Giotto di Bondone · c. 1305

Painting of the Virgin Mary seated on a throne holding the Christ Child, surrounded by gold-leaf background, angels in green and white robes, and haloed saints in a Gothic arched frame.Painting

Primary source

Madonna Enthroned

Giotto di Bondone · c. 1300-1310

Giotto's fresco The Kiss of Judas. Jesus, with a gold halo and yellow robe, is embraced by Judas in the center as a crowd of armed men with torches and staves closes in. A disciple on the left grabs a soldier, and a robed figure on the right gestures toward the scene against a dark blue night sky.Painting

Primary source

Kiss of Judas

Giotto di Bondone · c. 1305

Giotto's Last Judgment fresco. Christ sits enthroned at the center within a haloed oval, surrounded by angels and rows of seated saints. Below, on the left, a crowd of the blessed moves toward a gate. On the right, the damned are tormented in a dark, fiery hell, where a large horned Satan sits at the bottom right. A cross stands at the center below Christ.Painting

Primary source

Last Judgment

Giotto di Bondone · c. 1305-1306

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