Talisman of Charlemagne

What it is

This is a small gold reliquary pendant, called an encolpion, made in the 9th century, likely in Aachen during Charlemagne's time. It is decorated with gemstones, pearls and filigree work, and once held hair believed to belong to the Virgin Mary; later it was said to contain a fragment of the True Cross. It is now kept at the Palace of Tau in Reims.

Why it matters

This is the only surviving piece of goldwork that can be connected, with some uncertainty, to Charlemagne himself. According to legend it was found around his neck when his tomb was opened, though the story is first recorded centuries later and historians have questioned the link. It passed through many owners, including Napoleon's wife Joséphine, before reaching its current home. The object reveals how relics and personal devotion worked in Charlemagne's world, and how later generations shaped legends around him.

Look closer

• What do the materials and craftsmanship suggest about who could own an object like this?
• Why might people doubt the story that this talisman belonged to Charlemagne?
• What does the long chain of later owners tell you about how objects become connected to famous figures over time?