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Primary sourceBook1855

Voyages d'Ibn Battuta, Volume 3 (Defrémery and Sanguinetti edition, 1855)

Ibn Battuta · 1855

Volume 3 of a 19th-century bilingual Arabic-French edition of Ibn Battuta's travel account.

Volume 3 of a major bilingual edition preserving and translating Ibn Battuta's account for European readers.

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Dark blue cloth book cover with a white library barcode label at upper left reading University of Toronto and the number 3 1761 01584249 5. The label is vertical with black barcode lines.
Traduction des Voyages d'Ibn Battuta, trans. Defrémery and Sanguinetti, Volume 3, 1855.

About this source

What it is

This is the third volume of a four-volume bilingual Arabic-French translation of Ibn Battuta's travel account, published in 1855 and edited by Defrémery and Sanguinetti for the Société Asiatique.

Why it matters

This edition was a major 19th-century effort to make Ibn Battuta's medieval Arabic travel writing accessible to European scholars, presenting the original text alongside a French translation. It remains an important scholarly resource for studying his journeys.

Look closer

  • What does the physical condition of this volume, including its library markings, tell you about how it has been used and preserved?
  • Why might a library add a barcode and label to a historical book like this?
  • How does having the Arabic and French side by side help or limit different readers?

This book is part of the curated material that grounds the AI version of Ibn Battuta on Humy.ai — when students ask about related events, the AI can quote it and cite it.

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Scanned manuscript page in Arabic calligraphy on aged cream paper. The top has a line of black script with a decorative heading, and a red-ink title block in larger calligraphy reading the opening of the work. Below are about two dozen lines of brown-ink handwritten text in dense Arabic script, with a marginal note at the bottom left.Book

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The Rihla

Ibn Battuta · 1354-1356

Two facing pages of a handwritten Arabic manuscript on aged paper. The right page is written in dark ink in neat, flowing script; the left page is faded and more worn, with lines of script partly obscured. The pages show the text of the travel account.Book

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Manuscript of the Rihla by Ibn Juzayy

Ibn Juzayy · 14th century

Ruins of a stone fort on a dry, hazy hillside under a pale sky. Massive sloping stone walls with crenellated battlements stand on the left, and a long arched stone gallery with a flat roof runs across the right. Scrubby bushes and dry earth surround the site, with a distant city skyline on the horizon.Artifact

Secondary source

Tughlaqabad Fort

Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq · 1321

Photograph of an open handwritten Arabic manuscript with dense black ink script on cream pages, with some red-ink headings visible. The left page is in focus and the right page is angled and partly blurred.Book

Secondary source

Manuscript copy of the Rihla (1484)

Ibn Juzayy · 1484

Eight vertical panels of the Catalan Atlas side by side, showing an illuminated medieval world map with colored seas, decorated landmasses, compass roses, flags, rulers on thrones, and figures and animals.Painting

Primary source

Catalan Atlas

Cresques Abraham · c. 1375

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